Human Histologic Analysis of Implant Osseointegration in a Healed Site Grafted with Nondemineralized Autologous Tooth-Derived Graft Material
Human autologous tooth-derived grafts (ATDGs) were recently introduced as a source of bone substitute biomaterial. Using dentin autografts in humans was first reported in 2003. In that first report, demineralized dentin matrix granules were used as a bone substitute biomaterial for sinus augmentation. Since then, a variety of TDGs have been introduced clinically, including block or particulate forms of tooth structures with various levels of mineralization, as shown in Fig 1. In the present article, “TDG” is used as an all-encompassing term to better capture the variability of tooth-derived grafts that can contain the total root structure, dentin only, dentin and cementum, or even enamel.

Bone Augmentation in Infected Sites with Bovine-Derived Xenograft Mixed with Platelet-Rich Plasma Covered by Platelet-Poor Plasma
The aim of this study was to assess the success of bone regeneration in infected and non-infected human dental defects, with respect to biological properties of bone remodeling. Histomorphometric analysis of bone biopsies was used to evaluate new bone formation, soft tissue, and residual biomaterial in infected and noninfected sites. In all samples, the biomaterial particles were surrounded by newly generated bone. Among factors that were analyzed, gender, medical state, and smoking had no significant effect on bone regeneration. Variables including tooth location, platelet concentrate, and protective membrane addition were also analyzed for their effects on bone regeneration.

Clinical and Esthetic Outcomes of the Surgical Veneer Grafting Protocol in the Anterior Maxilla
A multicenter cohort clinical investigation evaluated the change in horizontal ridge dimension associated with immediate implant placement and provisionalization in an anterior extraction socket.

Fibrinogen-Induced Regeneration Sealing Technique (F.I.R.S.T.). An Improvement and Modification of Traditional GBR: A Report of Two Cases
Guided bone regeneration is a technique widely known, clinicians know very well indications and limitations of this technique. One of the principles to achieve bone augmentation and formation resides in the stability of the blood clot forming under a barrier membrane. The technique proposed in this article has the goal of providing stabilization to the bone graft by adding fibrin sealant (FS) to the bone graft and also using the fibrin sealant to attach a bone membrane (cortical lamina) to the recipient site. This simple modification of the technique of guided bone regeneration is presented in two successful cases.

Recombinant Human Platelet– Derived Growth Factor: A Systematic Review of Clinical Findings in Oral Regenerative Procedures
The use of recombinant human plateletderived growth factor–BB (rhPDGF) has received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of periodontal and orthopedic bone defects and dermal wound healing. Many studies have investigated its regenerative potential in a variety of other oral clinical indications. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy, safety, and clinical benefit of recombinant human plateletderived growth factor (rhPDGF) use for alveolar bone and/or soft tissue regeneration. Based on the clinical evidence, rhPDGF is safe and provides clinical benefits when used in combination with bone allografts, xenograft, or β-TCP for the treatment of intrabony and furcation periodontal defects and gingival recession or when used with allografts or xenograft for GBR and ARP.

Modified IVAN Technique: Long-Term Follow-Up of 20 Cases Over 2 to 11 Years
When natural teeth fail, frequently there is a loss of hard and soft tissue. This may complicate subsequent dental implant placement by creating insufficient bone to house the implant. This also occurs when the tooth has been missing for an extended period, especially in the premaxilla, where the bone is less dense and often lacks sufficient volume of facial bone. Site reconstruction to accommodate implant placement often requires both hard and soft tissue augmentation. The modified interpositional vascularized augmentation neogenesis (mIVAN) technique achieves the desired treatment goals in both delayed and immediate placement scenarios. The technique will be discussed as well as the long-term follow-up on 20 cases.

The Modified IVAN Technique: Hard and Soft Tissue Augmentation at Extraction for Delayed Implant Placement
Failure of a natural tooth may not permit placement of an implant at the time of extraction due to insufficiency in available bone to house the implant. Reconstruction of the extraction socket frequently involves both hard and soft tissue augmentation to provide a site that can house the implant and ridge contours that mimic the adjacent natural anatomy. This situation becomes more problematic in the maxillary anterior due to the anatomy and the lower density of the bone of the premaxilla. The solution is the interpositional vascularized augmentation neogenesis (IVAN), which consists of hard tissue grafts, various barrier membranes, and closure with the pediculated connective tissue graft (PCTG). The modified IVAN (mIVAN) technique achieves the necessary goals and may be used in both delayed and immediate placement situations.

Maintenance of Alveolar Ridge Dimensions Utilizing an Extracted Tooth Dentin Particulate Autograft and Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Retrospective Radiographic Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
This study utilized radiographic comparative analysis in order to evaluate dimensional ridge changes four months after tooth extraction and immediate grafting with mineralized dentin particulate autograft and chopped platelet-rich fibrin. Fifty-eight extraction sockets with up to 2mm of missing buccal bone in the coronal aspect compared to the lingual bone were included. Graft material was covered with either a platelet-rich fibrin membrane or collagen sponge with no effort to achieve primary closure.

Biologics in Regeneration: What Is Their Impact on Periodontal and Dental Implant Surgery?
This article discusses in detail the origins, differences and benefits of RECOMBINANT PDGF vs Autologous Platelet Concentrates in Periodontal & Implant Surgery.

Reconstruction of a Horizontal and Vertical Bone defect using The Cortical Lamina Technique
For many years guided bone regeneration has been a challenge in oral and implant surgery. Many techniques and devices have been used in trying to regenerate and reconstruct resorbed edentulous ridges. The literature in the field is scarce due to the impossibility to perform RCT on such lesions, therefore the judgement of the international community is based on case reports and retrospective studies. In the last ten years a new device has proved to be quite successful and predictable on top of showing a very low morbidity, a membrane made of xenogeneic collagenated bone with features that are very different from any other material used in the past. This paper will show the application of the cortical lamina technique where a vertical and horizontal defect was corrected and successfully restored.

Reconstruction of a Single-Tooth Traumatic Defect in the Anterior Maxilla Using the Khoury Bone Plate Graft
Trauma to teeth and the dentoalveolar process may result in a ridge defect that precludes straightforward implant therapy of the patient. Typically bone and soft tissue augmentation of the area would first be needed to adequately prepare the tissues for the implant and its restoration..Grafting of the site is substantially more difficult in cases where the ridge also lacks adequate height, and techniques to recreate a bony envelope to apply guided bone regeneration may be required. Moreover, defects in the anterior aesthetic zone that require both bone and soft tissue grafting and a restoration that harmonizes the adjacent pink and white aesthetics may be an even more significant challenge to the restorative team. Hereafter a case of trauma to an anterior maxillary tooth that saw destruction of the ridge is presented, with the defect reconstructed to accommodate a functional and aesthetically pleasing implant supported restoration.

Immediate Implant Placement into Extraction Sockets with Labial Plate Dehiscence Defects: A Clinical Case Series
To measure the buccal plate reconstruction of extraction sockets with labial plate dehiscence defects using a bone allograft in combination with an absorbable collagen membrane and a custom-healing abutment at the time of tooth removal. Implants placed into sockets with labial plate dehiscence defects demonstrated radiographic reformation of the labial plate dehiscence defect at 6 to 9 months post-treatment. The net gain in labial plate on CBCT in L1 and L2 was 3.0 mm, where 0 mm existed at pre-treatment. The minimum amount of labial plate thickness of 2.0 mm was achieved in all treated sites, evaluated radiographically at 6-9 months post-operatively, in a single procedure, without flap elevation and maintaining the gingival architecture and satisfactory esthetics.

Subclassification and Clinical Management of Extraction Sockets with Labial Dentoalveolar Dehiscence Defects
Immediate implant therapy involving implants placed into intact Type 1 extraction sockets has become a consistent clinical technique. The classification of Type 2 extraction sockets, where the mucosal tissues are present but there is a midfacial osseous dehiscence defect, has been described according to the extent of the buccal bone plate absence. The literature has offered different techniques in the treatment of Type 2 sockets; however, the extent of the defect has never been defined or delineated.

Manejo Integral de Maloclusion Clase III en Adulto, con Requerimientos Periodontales y Protesicos; Reporte de un caso clinico
En nuestra clinica observamos un aumento de pacientes adultos con problemas esqueletales, compromiso periodontal y necesidades protesicas. Debemos recurrir a la interconsulta con el periodoncista, protesista y cirujano maxilofacial, para la correccion del caso, prestando especial atencion al componente dentario, esqueletal y los tejidos blandos faciales del paciente. La cirugia ortognatica, que generalmente la realizamos luego de una preparacion ortodoncica, permite corregir discrepancias en el adulto y restaurar la funcion y estetica en los tres planos del espacio. Realizada la correccion oclusal, procedemos a sustituir dientes ausentes, mediante implantes y protesis fijas. El Periodoncista, mantiene un control constante de la salud de los tejidos de soporte, durante todas las fases de la terapia multidisciplinaria.

Long Term Follow-Up of Dental Implants Placed in Autologous Onlay Bone Graft
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autologous intraoral onlay bone grafting (OBG) in correlation with long-term survival rates of dental implants placed in the augmented bone. A retrospective study was conducted on 214 patients who received a total of 633 dental implants placed in 224 autologous intraoral block OBG augmentations, combined with Bio-Oss – mixed with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and covered by platelet-poor plasma (PPP) – as scaffold, with a follow-up time up to 137 months. We suggest that augmentation of severely atrophied jaw bone through the placement of horizontal and/or vertical intraoral OBGs in combination with Bio-Oss saturated with PRP and covered by PPP should be considered a reliable, safe, and very effective surgical technique for obtaining high bone graft survival rate and high long-term implant survival rate.

Guided Bone Regeneration Using a Titanium Membrane at Implant Placement: A Case Report and Literature Discussion
Reconstruction of the oral supporting tissues lost by disease or trauma is essential to tooth replacement with dental implant therapy. This treatment requires evidence based augmentative procedures combined with up-to-date and current techniques. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) aims to initialize this process of alveolar ridge reconstruction by utilizing biologically active and supportive materials best coupled to the body’s healing processes. The use of nonresorbable, titanium membranes can achieve GBR by ensuring graft stability and space maintenance so as to ensure optimal neovascularization. Hereafter is a case report of a ridge defect reconstructed at implant placement, with the rationale and current, evidence-based literature discussed.

Post-Traumatic Treatment of Maxillary Incisors by Immediate Dentoalveolar Restoration with Long-Term Follow-Up
Replacing both missing maxillary interior teeth is particularly challenging, especially in compromised sockets. The case report describes the management of an 18-year-old female patient, who suffered avulsion of both maxillary central incisors at 7 years of age. The multidisciplinary implant technique, called Immediate Dentoalveolar Restoration (IDR), included extraction of the injured teeth and a single procedure for immediate implant placement and restoration of the compromised sockets after root fracture and peri-apical lesion development were detected during orthodontic treatment. Successful esthetic and functional outcomes and reestablishment of the alveolar process after bone reconstruction were observed during the 3-year follow-up period. The predictable esthetic outcomes and soft and hard tissue stability that can be achieved following IDR are demonstrated.

Buccal Plate Regeneration with Immediate Postextraction Implant Placement and Restoration: Case Reports
In these reports, buccal bone plate regeneration was obtained through a flapless approach and immediate postextraction implant placement with a cancellous bone and collagen graft in the buccal gap.

Flapless Postextraction Socket Implant Placement in the Esthetic Zone: Part 1. The Effect of Bone Grafting and/or Provisional Restoration on Facial-Palatal Ridge Dimensional Change
The dental literature has reportted vertical soft tissue changes that can occur with immediate implant placement, bone grafting, and provisional restoration ranging from a gain or loss of 1.0mm. However, little is known of the effects of facial-palatal collapse of the ridge due to these clinical procedures. Based upon treatment modalities rendered, an ensuing contour change can occur with significant negative esthetic consequences. The results of a retrospective clinical cohort study evaluating the change in horizontal ridge dimension associated with implant placement in anterior postextraction sockets are presented for four treatment groups. Therefore, it is recommended to place a bone graft and contoured healing abutment or provisional restoration at the time of flapless postextraction socket implant placement.

A Novel Strategy for Bone Integration and Regeneration: Case Studies
Ultraviolet light treatment of dental implants immediately prior to placement, or photofunctionalization, is a novel clinical tool with the potential to improve implant therapy. Photofunctionalization improves the surface properties of titanium surfaces by removing hydrocarbons, regenerating hydrophilicity, and optimizing electrostatic properties. We photofunctionalizated dental implants and titanium mesh (Ti mesh) in two complex clinical cases requiring simultaneous guided bone regeneration, sinus elevation, immediate implant placement into the extraction socket, and esthetic consideration

Influence of Thin Mucosal Tissues on Crestal Bone Stability Around Implants With Platform Switching: A 1-year Pilot Study
The aim of this pilot study was to determine what effect thin mucosal tissues can have on crestal bone stability around implants with platform switching. Within the limitations of this pilot study it can be concluded that implants with platform switching did not preserve crestal bone better in comparison with implants with traditional implant-abutment connection if, at the time of implant placement, thin mucosal tissues were present.

A Novel Combined Surgical Approach to Vertical Alveolar Ridge Augmentation with Titanium Mesh, Resorbable Membrane, and rhPDGF-BB: A Retrospective Consecutive Case Series
This report demonstrates the remarkable efficacy of guided bone regeneration using a combination of titanium mesh, resorbable collagen membrane, and rhPDGF for vertical ridge augmentation, thus expanding the indications for implant therapy and allowing recovery of the three-dimensional esthetic architecture in a severely absorbed alveolar ridge.

Physical And Chemical Properties Of Commercially Available Mineralized Bone Allograft
Bone graft materials are critical to the success of dental implants when there is a need to increase the volume of bone in a defect. The surface properties of these graft materials will have a profound impact on the outcome of the graft procedure. The clinician has many choices of bone graft substitutes when augmenting bony deficits. Allograft bone is the most widely used class of bone graft substitutes. Within this class there are a number of different bone allografts, which are manufactured utilizing widely varying processing techniques. There also appears to be a wide range of results in the published literature across the spectrum of different bone allografts. This in-vitro study evaluated chemical and surface properties of five different commercially available mineralized bone allografts.

Reconstruction of Damaged Fresh Sockets by Connective-Bone Sliver Graft From the Maxillary Tuberosity, to Enable Immediate Dentoalveolar Restoration - A Clinical Case
This paper describes a procedure for immediate loading of an implant following tooth extraction, in a socket presenting severe damage to the vestibular bone plate and gingival recession in the region of the upper central incisors. The procedures of extraction of the tooth, immediate insertion of the implant, connective- bone graft from the maxillary tuberosity and immediate restoration were shown to be a predictable treatment alternative. These procedures led to restoration of the tooth, bone and gingival structures in a single surgical stage and to maintenance of the favorable esthetic and functional result 24 months afterwards.

Retrospective Evaluation of Crestal Bone Changes Around Implants With Reduced Abutment Diameter Placed Non-Submerged and at Subcrestal Positions: The Effect of Bone Grafting at Implant Placement
One method to measure the success of dental implant treatment is to evaluate marginal peri-implant bone-level changes and stability over time. The location of the fixture–abutment interface (FAI) can be of major importance when the goal is to construct esthetic restorations. In these situations the FAI is often placed in a more apical position to create an ideal emergence profile for the prosthetic construction. However, several animal studies have reported that placement of the FAI in a subcrestal position may result in peri-implant marginal bone loss. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of bone grafting of the defect between the bone crest and the coronal aspect of the implant for implants with reduced abutment diameters placed non-submerged and in subcrestal positions.

Immediate Implant Placement with GBR Using Alloplast
Presented here is a case report wherein guided bone regeneration was done simultaneously at the time of immediate implant placement to achieve a desirable outcome.

Long-Term Block Graft Stability in Thin Periodontal Biotype Patients - A Clinical and Tomographic Study
Autogenous block grafting seems to be a predictable treatment modality to reconstruct alveolar ridge defects in the long term. A thin periodontal biotype did not seem to affect the volume of transplanted bone for the population studied.

Bone Grafting Assessment: Focus on the Anterior and Posterior Maxilla Utilizing Advanced 3-D Imaging Technologies
As dental implant reconstruction has evolved into a mainstream alternative to replace missing teeth, bone grafting techniques have also evolved as an ancillary procedure for site development, sinus augmentation, and guided bone regeneration.

Bone Augmentation of the Atrophic Posterior Mandible for Dental Implants Using rhBMP-2 and Titanium Mesh: Clinical Technique and Early Results
The purpose of the case series was to evaluate the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/acelluar collagen sponge (rhBMP-2/ACS) and titanium mesh for augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible prior to implant insertion.

Quantitative Evaluation of Extraction Socket Healing Following the Use of Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix in Humans
Advantages of PRFM alone include less surgical time, elimination of techniques and potential healing difficulties associated with membranes, and less resorption during healing, as compared to guided bone regeneration procedures.

The Mandibular Retromolar Area as a Donor Site in Maxillofacial Bone Grafting - Surgical Notes
The objective of this article is to review pertinent surgical notes related to the safe harvesting of corticocancellous bone blocks from the retromolar area using a trephine bur technique.

Maximizing Aesthetics in the Deficient Alveolar Ridge
This article will present a predictable method for replacing the lost bone prior to implant placement through the ramus block graft technique.

Peri-Implant Tissue Response Following Connective Tissue and Bone Grafting in Conjunction with Immediate Single-Tooth Replacement in the Esthetic Zone
The case series evaluated the peri-implant tissue response following extraction and immediate placement and restoration of an implant in conjunction with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and bone grafting in the esthetic zone.

Socket Gafting with the use of Autologous Bone - an Experimental Study in the Dog
In five beagle dogs, the distal roots of the third and fourth mandibular premolars were removed. The sockets in the right or the left jaw quadrant were grafted with either anorganic bovine bone or with chips of autologous bone harvested from the buccal bone plate. After 3 months of healing, biopsies of the experimental sites were sampled, prepared for buccal–lingual ground sections and examined with respect to size and composition.

Minimally Invasive Alveolar Ridge Augmentation Procedure (Tunneling Technique) Using rhPDGF-BB in Combination with Three Matrices: A Case Series
This study investigated a minimally invasive surgical procedure for alveolar ridge augmentation that combined recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF-BB) and three different matrices.

Three-Dimensional Bone and Soft Tissue Requirements for Optimizing Esthetic Results in Compromised Cases with Multiple Implants
In this article, the concepts behind achieving esthetic and functional implant restorations and the necessary three-dimensional peri-implant hard and soft tissue management required to realize these goals are discussed.

"Sandwich" Bone Augmentation Technique - Rationale and Report of Pilot Cases
The aim of this article is to present a new technique for augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges and/or correction of osseous defects around dental implants.

Intraoral Autogenous Block Onlay Bone Grafting for ExtensiveReconstruction of Atrophic Maxillary Alveolar Ridges
Autologous bone grafting used with dental implants was originally described by Bränemarketal in 1975, and is now a well-accepted procedure in oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation.Placement of an endosseous implant requires sufficient bone volume for complete bone coverage. Furthermore, the pattern of ridge resorption contributes to an unfavorable maxillomandibular relationship, requires angulations of the implants and/or angled abutments, and affects the proximity of adjacent facial concavities(maxillary sinus, nasal cavity) and vital structures(mandibular nerve).

Socket Augmentation: Rationale and Technique
This article presents the rationale behind socket augmentation for future implant placement and describes a technique that has shown to not only facilitate tooth extraction with minimal damage to the surrounding anatomic structures, but also to improve alveolar bone quality and quantity.

Multitier Technique for Bone Augmentation Using Intraoral Autogenous Bone Blocks
Brånemarket al1 originally described autologous bone grafts used with dental implants,and they are now a well-accepted procedure in oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Placement of an end osseous implant requires sufficient bone volume for complete bone coverage.Further-more,the patter no fridge resorption ,which contributes to a nun favorable maxillo mandibular relationship,requires angulation of the implant and/or angled abutment,and affects the proximity of adjacent facial concavities (maxillary sinus,nasal cavity)and vital structures(mandibular nerve).

Screw "Tent-Pole" Grafting Technique for Reconstruction of Large Vertical Alveolar Ridge Defects Using Human Mineralized Allograft for Implant Site Preparation
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using titanium screws in combination with particulate human mineralized allograft, in a “tenting” fashion, to augment large vertical alveolar ridge defects for implant placement.

The Bio-Derm Ridge Plumping Technique for Pontic Site Development
Seibert Class III apicocoronal and buccolingual alveolar ridge defects with associated gingival mucosal atrophy and absence of interdental papillae are common in edentulous areas within the anterior esthetic zone of the maxilla. Normal emergence profiles, critical to achieving esthetic restorations, require restoration of normal hard and soft tissue morphology, including re-establishment of adjacent interdental papillae.

The safety of bone allografts used in dentistry
Recent media reports concerning “stolen body parts” have shaken the public’s trust in the safety of and the use of ethical practices involving human allografts. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the safety aspects of human bone allografts.

Human Histologic Evaluation of Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral Combined with Recombinant Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: Case Series Study
The objective of this study was to examine the potential for improved bone regenerative outcomes in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures using platelet-derived growth factor BB and anorganic bovine bone mineral.

Histologic Effect of Pure-Phase Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate on Bone Regeneration in Human Artificial Jawbone Defects
The effect of the pure-phase beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) Cerasorb on bone regeneration was evaluated in hollow titanium cylinders implanted in the posterior jaws of five volunteers.

Use of PRGF to Accelerate Bone and Soft Tissue Regeneration in Postextraction Sites
Evealuation of regenerated bone density.

A Bovine-Bone Mineral Block for the Treatment of Severe Ridge Deficiencies in the Anterior Region: A Clinical Case Report
A bovine-bone mineral block was used to treat a severe horizontal and vertical anterior ridge deficiency. Such a block can be shaped to conform to the defect, and it avoids the need for harvesting autogenous bone or fixation of the block with screws.

Use of Bone Grafts for the Enhancement of a GTR-Based Root Coverage Procedure: A Pilot Case Study
The use of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures for the treatment of gingival recession has shown encouraging results and is gaining clinical acceptance. However, attaining space maintenance beneath the membrane remains a problem for clinicians. Hence, the purpose of this pilot case study was to evaluate the effect of adjunctive demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) placement during collagen membrane GTR-based root coverage procedures. Five patients with Miller Class I or II defects…

Ridge Preservation and Augmentation Using Regenerative Materials
Courtesy of AEGIS Communications

A Novel Drilling Procedure
Courtesy of JOMI

Atrophic Posterior Maxillan and Mandible: Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction with Mandibular Block Autografts
Autogenous bone grafts have been used for many years for alveolar ridge augmentation and are still considered to be the gold standard for jaw reconstruction. The use of these grafts with osseointegrated implants was originally discussed by Brånemark et al., who used the iliac crest as the donor site. For repair of most localized alveolar defects, however, bone grafts from the mandible offer advantages over iliac crest grafts. These include the proximity of donor and recipient sites, convenient surgical access, decreased donor site morbidity and decreased cost. This article focuses on posterior maxillary and mandibular osseous augmentation in a staged approach for implant placement. Both horizontal and vertical deficiencies are addressed with the use of symphysis and ramus buccal shelf donor block bone via case presentations.

Mandibular Block Autografts for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation
This article reviews indications, limitations, presurgical evaluation, surgical protocol, and complications associated with mandibular block autografts harvested from the symphysis and ramus buccal shelf for alveolar ridge augmentation. The author draws from 14 years of experience with more than 500 mandibular block autografts.

A Fixed Whole-Mouth Rehabilitation Utilizing Natural Abutments and Implants: Treatment Concepts and Clinical Realization
A 45-year-old female patient presented to the clinic with a request to treat her deteriorating dentition that had been reconstructed 15 years ago with fixed restorations. Clinical examination revealed fixed partial dentures cemented to natural abutments in the maxilla, whereas telescopic restorations were cemented to natural abutments bilaterally in the mandible. The treatment plan included a whole-mouth rehabilitation utilizing natural teeth and implants. As the patient declined any surgical augmentation…

Alloplastic Bone Substitutes Around Dental Implants
The repair of osseous defects has been a goal in dentistry for many decades. Subsequently, within the last several years, there has been an emergence of a new class of materials in dentistry referred to as synthetic bone. Finding the ideal bone substitute material has been the goal of researchers for many years. In attempting to achieve this ideal material, dental practitioners have tried with varying degrees of success: autogenous and demineralized freeze-dried bone, allografts of plastic, carbon…

Alloplastic Bone Substitutes Around Dental Implants
The repair of osseous defects has been a goal in dentistry for many decades. Subsequently, within the last several years, there has been an emergence of a new class of materials in dentistry referred to as synthetic bone. Finding the ideal bone substitute material has been the goal of researchers for many years. In attempting to achieve this ideal material, dental practitioners have tried with varying degrees of success: autogenous and demineralized freeze-dried bone, allografts of plastic, carbon…

Peridontal Osseous Surgery and Root Resective Therapy
Historically, osseous surgery was performed to eliminate infected bone. Early in the 20th century clinicians realized that periodontally affected bone was not actually infected. Instead of an invasive bacterial infection, chronic inflammation was responsible for bone destruction. This finding changed the rationale for periodontal therapy and led to modern concepts of osseous surgery. Currently accepted approaches are based on guidelines, parameters, and definitions published by many highly respected…