Article:

Many factors have been proposed to interact with the peri-implant tissue, thus influencing long-term stability and esthetic outcome such as quality of periimplant tissue, implant abutment interface (microgap), material and design of implant abutment, and surgical and prosthetic procedures. Other factors are: presence of attached gingiva, type of provisional restorations, and oral hygiene procedures. The design of the implant–abutment interface is important because it is one of the primary determinants of prosthetic stability. The nature of this interface makes it sensitive to mechanical overloading and bacterial contamination, giving rise to many problems such as micromovements, loosening of abutment screws, and microbial colonization, which result in peri-implant inflammation and marginal bone resorption. Many designs of implant abutments, including interface, have been introduced in an attempt to overcome these problems.