Article:

Bone atrophy is a natural response to tooth extraction, and anatomic and functional aberrations can be magnified when alveolar atrophy is accompanied by periodontitis, root fracture, radicular caries, apical processes, or endoperiodontal complications. Some of these concerns require the clinician to perform several surgical procedures (eg, soft tissue and hard tissue autograft and allograft) with sometimes unpredictable results relative to interdental papilla reconstruction and the invariable loss of the gingival margin. In some instances, it may be advisable to preserve, rather than reconstruct, the papillary and marginal appearance, since this favors the predictability of the outcome.